Named after the doctor who discovered it in the late 19th century, Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited and progressive neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of nerve cells in specific areas of the brain.
HD is caused by a change, or mutation, in a gene. If you have a parent with the disease, you have a 50% chance of getting the changed gene and the disease. But there is no way to know when you will develop HD. Some people may pass on the changed gene to a child before knowing that they have symptoms of the condition.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually develop after age 40 and include rapid, jerky movements (twitches in the face and jerks of the arms) that cannot be controlled. It also causes the gradual loss of mental abilities (dementia), leading to personality and behavioral changes, psychiatric problems and gait difficulties. Weight loss is also a common concern in HD.
Screening & Diagnosing Huntington's Disease
A blood test can show whether you have the changed gene. You may want to have genetic counseling if you are thinking of having the test. Medical geneticists and genetic counselors are experts who can explain what the test means, tell you the benefits and risks of the test, and answer your questions.
Treating Huntington’s Disease
There is no known cure for the disease. Treatment for HD may include medications, psychotherapy, physical, occupational and speech therapy, specific diets, supplements and lifestyle changes such as incorporating regular mild exercise, healthy sleep habits, and participating in individual and/or family therapy.